The Inquiry

Interpretation Before Judgment

Sofia’s work examines how governments and institutions understand societies in periods of political change — how intelligence, history, assumptions and competing forms of evidence shape what policymakers are prepared to see.

Modern Middle East
Political Change
Conflict Studies
Intelligence
Strategic Competition
National Security Policy

Independent Research

Iran, Intelligence & Political Change

Primary-source research examining how external assessments understood political legitimacy, opposition and instability in Iran before the 1979 Revolution.

Kenneth I. Juster Fellow
Weatherhead Center for International Affairs
Harvard University

Intelligence assessments of pre-revolutionary Iran.

Archival research in London and Paris examining how American, British and European officials interpreted the social, political and economic conditions of late Pahlavi Iran — and why substantial information did not necessarily produce accurate judgment.

The National Archives · United Kingdom
French Diplomatic Archives
Bibliothèque nationale de France
London School of Economics

Selected Scholarly Work

Research in Practice

Sofia works directly with scholars and policy leaders on active research, manuscript and strategy projects across history, national security, technology policy, Islamic law and bibliography.

Elizabeth Sherwood-Randall
& J. Michael McQuade

Harvard Kennedy School
Belfer Center for Science & International Affairs
Undergraduate Research Assistant

Research supporting the Belfer Center’s Initiative on Bioconvergence, Biosecurity, and Bioresilience, including background research, policy analysis, synthesis of expert consultations, and research coordination. Sofia’s contributions are acknowledged in the 2026 report Deterrence by Resilience .

Bahman Khodadadi

Harvard Radcliffe Institute
Law & Islamic Studies
Research Partner · Manuscript Revision

Persian- and Arabic-source research, transliteration, literature review, bibliographic research and manuscript revision for scholarship on Islamic law, the modern state and Iran.

Kenneth Carpenter

Harvard Library
Bibliographic Research

Research tracing the publication, translation and international circulation of Benjamin Franklin’s The Way to Wealth , contributing to a comprehensive bibliography of its editions and appearances.

Published & Acknowledged Work

Contributions in Print

Selected published works that formally acknowledge Sofia’s research, bibliographic, or editorial contributions.

Princeton University Press
2026

In the Scholar’s Workshop

Sofia contributed research, bibliography, source verification, indexing, and editorial work to the project. She is formally thanked in the book’s full bibliography supplement for her work on the document.

View Publication
Belfer Center for Science & International Affairs
Harvard Kennedy School · 2026

Deterrence by Resilience

Sofia served as the initiative’s undergraduate research assistant, supporting background research, policy analysis, expert consultations, and research coordination. Her contributions are formally acknowledged in the published report.

View Report

Washington, D.C.

Policy Research

Historical and analytical research applied to contemporary questions of U.S. strategy, security and statecraft.

The Heritage Foundation
Douglas & Sarah Allison Center
for National Security

Middle East & National Security

Authored an 80-page special report assessing U.S. interests and security challenges in the Middle East, including Iran, counterterrorism, nonproliferation, maritime chokepoints and regional security cooperation. Additional work included policy memoranda, SPOT reporting and analysis of deterrence, force posture, strategic competition and regional security.

Special Report Policy Memoranda SPOT Reports Published Commentary

Public Life

Engagement & Responsibility

Selected international, policy and institutional work beyond Sofia’s primary research.

International Engagement

Harvard–Fudan U.S.–China Youth Leaders Dialogue

Moderator · AI & Technology Dialogue

Moderated a U.S.–China discussion on artificial intelligence, technology competition and commercialization with academic and industry participants.

Harvard College China Forum & U.S.–China Leaders Dialogue

Harvard College Representative

Participated in engagements across Hong Kong, Shanghai and Beijing with governmental, academic, technology and business institutions, including discussions concerning data regulation and artificial intelligence.

Selected Public & Institutional Roles

Hudson Institute

Political Studies Fellow

Research on cyber-enabled threats, geopolitical risk and U.S. national-security challenges, alongside strategic war-game simulations and policy seminars.

American Enterprise Institute

Collegiate Network Ambassador · Reading Group Leader

Founded and leads a Harvard reading group on national security and U.S. foreign policy focused on strategy, statecraft and contemporary security questions.

Harvard Undergraduate Foreign Policy Initiative

Deputy Director, Foreign Summits · Deputy Director, Speakers

Led international summit and speaker programming, including planning for student delegations and engagement with foreign-policy practitioners and public leaders.

Research Practice

Methods & Languages

Work across archives, diplomatic records, political thought and contemporary policy without assuming any single source tells the whole story.

Methods
Archival research · Historical and qualitative research · Literature review · Source verification · Bibliography and indexing · Citation management · Transliteration and diacritics · Policy memorandum writing
Languages
Arabic — Intermediate working proficiency
Persian — Beginner
Latin — Limited working proficiency

Formation

Study & Inquiry

Sofia’s academic work centers on history and government, with particular attention to the Modern Middle East, intelligence, political interpretation and national security.

Harvard College
A.B. Candidate · History & Government
Weatherhead Center for International Affairs
Kenneth I. Juster Fellow · Undergraduate Associate
Selected study: U.S. Foreign Policy · Military & Diplomatic History · National Security · Modern Middle Eastern History & Thought · Islamic Civilizations · Arabic

Research & Public Life

Professional Inquiries

Research · International Affairs · National Security · Public Policy · Speaking · Professional Collaboration

Contact Sofia